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The SLOTHS Act of 2026 aims to protect sloths by making it illegal to import live sloths or parts of certain sloth species into the United States, except under specific conditions. The bill targets species within the suborder Folivora, commonly known as sloths. Importation is only allowed if the sloth or its parts are dead and imported strictly for research purposes with proper documentation, or if the sloth is being moved to an accredited institution (such as a zoo or aquarium) as part of a breeding program, provided it was not taken from the wild after the law's enactment.

The bill establishes civil penalties of up to $20,000 and criminal fines up to $100,000 for violations. Each violation is treated as a separate offense, and federal licenses related to wildlife import/export can be revoked for offenders. Additionally, illegally imported sloths are subject to forfeiture to the U.S. government, and violators are responsible for costs related to the care and storage of seized animals. Enforcement powers include search and seizure under customs laws.

This legislation matters because it addresses concerns about the illegal wildlife trade and the exploitation of sloths, which are vulnerable species. By restricting importation, the bill aims to reduce trafficking and promote conservation efforts through regulated breeding and research. The practical effects include increased protections for sloths, potential challenges for private individuals or businesses attempting to import sloths, and strengthened enforcement tools for federal authorities.