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The National Patient Safety Board Act of 2026 establishes a new independent board within the Department of Health and Human Services focused on preventing and reducing patient safety events—incidents that cause or could cause harm to patients during healthcare. The Board will monitor patient safety issues, analyze causes, and develop recommendations to improve safety in healthcare settings such as hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and others. It will be composed of five members appointed by the President, including experts in patient safety and individuals affected by safety incidents. The Board will have divisions responsible for research, studies, and administration, and will maintain a public reporting system for patient safety events. It will collect and analyze data from federal agencies and private entities, ensuring privacy protections. The Board will issue annual reports to Congress and make study findings publicly available within a year. Importantly, information collected by the Board cannot be used as evidence in civil lawsuits or for disciplinary actions against healthcare providers, encouraging open reporting and learning from errors without fear of punishment. This approach aims to improve patient safety nationwide by identifying risks, disparities, and effective solutions through independent, expert-led investigation and collaboration with public and private stakeholders.